Ask Mike: The Miranda Rights
Hey Guys,
I have never been arrested (really). But if I ever was, I know that I’d have the right to remain silent as well as the right to an attorney. These are called the “Miranda rights,” and the story of how they got their name is a pretty interesting one. Here’s how it went down…
The rights are named after a man named Ernesto Miranda. Now, in most cases when a person has something named after him or her, it’s because he or she was a great person, had a great idea, or donated a heckuva lot of money. Not so in this case. Ernesto Miranda was a career criminal. He likely would have died in obscurity had it not been for a horrible crime he supposedly committed back in 1963.
Mr. Miranda was arrested for rape, kidnapping, and armed robbery but the police never advised him that he didn’t have to talk to them if he didn’t want to. After several hours of interrogation, Miranda confessed to the crime, but that’s only the beginning of the story. Years later, in 1966, the Supreme Court ruled that a suspect not only has the right to remain silent, but “prosecutors may not use statements made by defendants while in police custody unless the police have advised them of their rights.”
Because of that landmark case (called Miranda vs. Arizona), the charges against Miranda were overturned. But that didn’t stop prosecutors, who later retried Miranda, “using evidence other than his confession, and he was convicted again.” Miranda then served 11 years in the big house before being paroled. He made money by selling autographed copies of the Miranda rights for $1.50. Then, in 1976, he was killed in a bar fight. According to about.com, a suspect was arrested, but “exercised his right to remain silent.” I’m not sure if that’s irony, but it’s definitely something.
Even now, decades later, the Miranda rights are a mainstay of civil liberties. Still, they aren’t immune to change. According to various articles across the Web, those famous words nobody every wants to hear could get a re-write.
Thanks for reading,
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Life Kicks You Around Sometimes It Scares You And Beats You Up. But Then There’s One Day When You Reaize Your Not Just a Survivor Your a Fighter, Your Tougher Than Anything Life Throws Your Way And You Are
Another thing, the ONLY time the police are required to read you these rights, known as the Miranda Rights is BEFORE criminal interrogation. I was a Criminal Justice major and a lot of people are under the impression that they are required at the time of arrest, which they used to be, now because so many lawyers claimed “duress” and so many perpetrators are under the influence of drugs and/or alcohol they changed it
These are CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS. We had them BEFORE Miranda v. Arizona.
Spelling error, you put made be defendants instead of made by. Other than that very informative good read
VERY INTERESTING. THANKS
that was really good information for me ,that i didnt know good reading mike
Mike, I enjoyed your take on Miranda rights. However, 2 years before the Miranda trial, in 1964, was Escobeda v. Illinois. Any focus on rights must include Escobeda. In fact, Miranda/Escobeda was the term commonly used to apply to individual rights back in the latter part of the twentieth century.
to the person who said these are constitutional rights, you are an idiot. nowhere in the constitution is the right against self incrimination.
it is an ammendment to the bill of rights, the fifth ammendment. other than that what everyone else said is correct, there is a case before the supreme court now on whether or not the miranda right need to be more specific
They might not have had “Miranda” rights, but I’m sure they had some kind of procedure that still – the cops didn’t follow.
thank u for this info. u have educated me! i never knew the “Miranda rights” had such a bizarre and interesting history.
now may i never hear them again as long as i live!!!
Here all along I thought the Bill of Rights and all the Amendments were PART OF THE CONSTITUTION. I guess I need to take a MODERN Civics course that no longer teaches that the Constitution is an OPEN Document.
You don’t have to be arrested to be read your rights. I have never been arrested either (really) but I have been read my rights when a police officer wanted to question me regarding possible criminal activity. He had to make me aware that I did not have to answer his questions. I did answer his Q’s and all was good. But it scared me for a second there, even though he prefaced it by saying, “You are not under arrest, but you have the right to remain silent….
I’m kind of amazed that this information was news to so many people. Didn’t you learn this in high school?
Even the courts refer to this as a “warning”.. Miranda is advice or a warning concerning your rights in some parts, and legal precidence in the others.
Unfortunately, another career felon is claiming that out of all the times he has been read his warning, and in this case read and signed a written copy of the warning, that some how it was not clear enough to him that he “could have” a lawyer present during this or any questioning.
This amazing farce is before the supremes now. What a mess. First, the lose of search incident to arrest and now this. Pretty soon the criminals will have ALL the protections and we will have none!
why the hell did you tell us this mike? BULL!
S & Matt:
The Bill of Rights is considered to be part of the Constitution (just talked about it today in Social Studies class). In this case, “S” is correct, and “Matt”, you have your information wrong. However, it was very vague about, “nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself”. The Miranda Rights made it clear to everyone that they had the right to remain silent. We may have had the Fifth Amendment before Miranda v. Arizona, but it was not clear, so in this, “S” is partially incorrect.
Miranda v Arizona is BAD law. The Supreme Court was DEAD WRONG in the ruling. Failure to inform someone of their rights, especially when they already know them, is NOT denying those rights. I know the court disagrees with me. I repeat: The Supreme Court was WRONG.
Hey Mike,
I find it intresting, very intresting how the Miranda Rights came about….maybe that is why when a person chooses to invoke their right to remain silent, the cops automaticaly think your guilty. LOL
What do you mean never ‘really’ arrested
The protections are for anyone being questioned by the police, not just criminals. It is not determined that you are a criminal until and unless you are convicted of something!
thats awsome keep it up
Thanks for that. That was really interesting. I never really thought about why the “Miranda Rights” were called the “Miranda Rights.”
By the way, you made a typo: “prosecutors may not use statements made be defendants”.
“be” should be “by”
Well i have never been arrested…..yet
Does that rule work in Canada, Ontario?
what is it…
Totally worth your time to watch:
Why You Should Take the 5th Amendment:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i8z7NC5sgik
This is the policeman’s rebuttal:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=08fZQWjDVKE&feature=related
This is also pretty interesting…45 minutes long, but worth a look when you have the time:
BUSTED: The Citizen’s Guide to Surviving Police Encounters:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yqMjMPlXzdA
well all of your comments are very good and usefull. but i am here to tell you ALLLLL when it comes to the police dept and the ” COPS” I can tell you from recent experience that YOU HAVE NO RIGHTS!!!! WHEN A “”COP”" or should i say “”COPS”" (because they all stick together) but when a cop decides “” THAT HE or SHE IS RIGHT AND YOU ARE WRONG NO MATTER WHAT YOU SAY OR WHAT PROOF OR EVIDENCE YOU HAVE OR CAN SHOW TO THE CONTRARY”" when the cop belittles you and decides that “”YEA YEA YEA EVERYBODY IS INNOCENT RIGHT? THATS WHAT THEY ALL SAY”" and in turn doesnt even give you a chance to show your innocent even when you tell them you have the documentation of proof right here in my back pocket and he just yells “”SHUT UP. DONT SAY ANOTHER WORD YOUR A F-ING SLUMLORD AND YOUR GOING TO JAIL”" and to top it off he calls the local 5:00 news and puts his story as he sees it on the news in hopes to get recognition for a job well done knowing it would be a high profile case for him and ultimately ruining my reputation i had built for over 20 years and had my kids laughed at in school cause their dad is a common criminal cause they “saw him on the news”… well i could go on and on about it but my point is WHEN THE COPS MAKE A DECISION YOU HAVE NO RIGHTS. YOU GET ARRESTED AND LABELED A CRIMINAL,, AND EVERYONE SEES IT,, READS ABOUT IT,, AND HEARS ABOUT IT. BUT AFTER YOU HAVE BEEN HUMILIATED AND HAD TO SPEND YOUR TIME BAILING OUT AND ENORMOUS AMOUNTS OF MONEY TO BAIL OUT AND FOR AN ATTORNEY TO PROVE YOUR INNOCENCE THAT YOU COULD HAVE PROVED IN THE BEGINNING HAD THE COP ALLOWED YOU TO AND THE STRESS AND WORRY OF IT ALL,,,, AND IN THE END WHEN ITS ALL OVER AND YOU FAUGHT A GOOD LONG HARD EXPENSIVE FIGHT AND YOU WIN THE CASE AND IT GOES RECORDED ON RECORD THAT YOU WERE ACCUSSED CHARGED ARRESTED AND ULTIMATELY RULED NOT GUILTY,, WELL THATS JUST GREAT ISNT IT???? BUT THE PROBLEM IS THAT THE DAMAGE WAS ALREADY DONE AND NNNOOOOO BODY REPORTS TO THE NEWS WHAT THE FINAL OUTCOME WAS ON THE CASE… no one wants that story. OH IN OTHER NEWS TODAY ONE OF OUR FINEST OF OUR LOCAL POLICE DEPT. LOST HIS CASE TODAY AND THE ACCUSSED IS ACTUALLY INNOCENT … NO the news only reports bad news cause thats what sells… GOOD NEWS DONT SELL… sorry for getting long winded but the person that made the recent comment saying (“” IT IS DETERMINED THAT YOU ARE NOT A CRIMINAL UNLESS OR UNTIL YOU ARE CONVICTED OF SOMETHING”") WELL MY FRIEND I CAN ASSURE YOU THAT EVEN AFTER YOU WIN THAT LONG HUMILIATING EXPENSIVE FIGHT,, IN THE END?? THERE IS NO END, AND YOU NEVER EVER WIN THE BATTLE. you are forever known as a criminal that was arrested and charged with a crime and they know its true because???? and i quote (“”THEY SAW IT ON THE NEWS SO IT HAS TO BE TRUE”") THANKS FOR LETTING ME VENT oh and sorry to say but there was just one more little misspelled word that no one mentioned. you said one day you { REAIZE } your not just a fighter your a survivor…. word is missing the L. sorry to point that out mike. thanks for the page. be looking for my book to come out about crooked cops and the UNJUSTICE SYSTEM. tks cris 37 from AL.
Very informative, and much more interesting than my Goverment textbook’s account of the story.
I unfortunately have been arrested, and when I chose to be silent, and not cooperate with the police on scene and in interrogation I was verbally abused, stripped and cavity searched, forced to stand naked in a room with a camera in it, was not given the opportunity of a drink of water during questioning, and threatened with all sorts of nasty things if I didn’t talk. I was prevented from contacting an attorney, and was not allowed to use the phone because it was ‘broken’, but I could make a collect call when I was moved to a cell with a pay phone a day later.
The Miranda rights are wack, and it should go something like this, anything you do, or say WILL be used against you in a court of law.
I could not afford to hire an attorney to attempt to find and prosecute the abusive officers, nor would it have made a difference. The law protects it’s own. And I’ve known many police officers to drink and drive and laugh about it.
My crime? Carrying around my prescription xanax without the bottle. A security officer at a mall saw me take a pill after I had dropped a soda on the ground, he asked if I was drunk, I said no, I just get anxiety in public places, (it was Christmas time) and these are my pills. He told me not to leave, and called the police.
The experience literally ruined my life, I lost my job, could not return to my home state (I was visiting), and was forced to live two years in the state of Texas on probation after I was forced to plead guilty to a possession charge. I was so scared the way the law handled and enforced the situation, that I was just happy not to go to jail at the time. But it did not take long for me to realize how I was royally screwed by a corrupt system. After further review of all the nonsense that I went through, I came across many more stories like mine that ended far worse.
Americas prison and law system is a distorted and twisted lie.
As of this moment in American history, You have no rights. Period.
Waterboard them all and let Cheney sort them out!
True, these are constitutional rights that pre date the Miranda rules. Ernesto Miranda was a career criminal and knew he didn’t have to talk to the police. What most people don’t know is that the police don’t have to read someone their rights unless they plan on arresting AND interrogating them. If the police are questioning you and you are not under arrest, not only do you not have to talk to them, but you are free to go.
my only remarks this right must repsct all the time most
Don’t you kinda lose respect if you claim your sources are “articles on the web”?
WE HAVE THE SAME NAME MIKE!
You may wanna tell that to the criminals i see on Cops.
thank you for writing this, I’ve always been curious to why it was called the ‘Miranda” Rights but never could find the right info.
I had to learn the ins and outs of The Miranda Rights decision back in the day when it was newly instituted during my university days as we debated its pros and cons as part of varsity intercollegiate debate. It was thought provoking then as it still is today. A job well done on your post of it, Mike. It took me on a trip down memory lane. Thanks.
Well, let me tell you you do not want to be arrested. First, it goes on your record. Second, you are stuck in a emotional, physical, & spiritual ROT it is extremely hard to get out of .. So, I really encourage you to go to college and/or a university instead.
I was arrested four different times after making internal affairs complaints against corrupt cops. I was never read my Miranda rights and asked my Public defender to get the case dismissed.. They never even bring this up to the judge..even at my request. I was asked by the cops DO I KNOW THE MIRANDA RIGHTS.. he did not READ THEM TO ME AND Say it.. Now the Court social services is trying to render me crazy so i cannot testify in a misdemeanor case. There were no Miranda rights or ANY OTHER RIGHTS I am entitled to under the law. COOK COUNTY COURTS are run by the mob underlying the FACES on the benches and in most of the offices. There is NO JUSTICE IN ILLINOIS.
For some reason, I knew that. How, then, are these terrorists going to get a supposedly fair trial given the fact that they weren’t Mirandized when they were captured in war, among other things?
I like how you put that it is only during Criminal Interrogation. Many think for simple speeding you need to read them their rights which is wrong. Most cops will let the defendant talk without reading Miranda because as long as the cop doesn’t ask any question, and the defendant is dumb enough to talk, that can be used against them. I am a police officer but you definitely did hit the main points.
I was a cop in Phila for 22 years, and I always used the term, “Constitutional Rights,” instead of ‘Miranda.’ We saw no reason to invoke the name of such a degenerate during the course of our duties. Ironically, the man ultimately got what he deserved.
Lucky for u if u had miranda or any other kind of rights. In nigeria where am from the only kind of right that exists is slaps, blows, …. u know, the total package. U dont even need to ask for it you re given free of charge.
Actually MISTRESSMISTAKE, the only time a police officer does not have to read a person their Miranda rights is during what is called a terry stop
The police have no obligation to formally announce the arrest when it occurs, or to read a suspect his “Miranda Rights.” Typically, at some point the police will inform a suspect that he has been arrested. However, many defendants never receive their “Miranda Rights,” which relate to the validity of police questioning of suspects who are in custody, and not to the arrest itself…I took CJ as well which does not really touch as much as it should. Plus my dad is a retired copper and my mother is a retired k9 handler….
We just discussed this in my american gov. class and i am absolutly horrified that this wasnt administered before the miranda case. Even criminals deserve to know their rights and also how can ppl even expect a fair trial if the person being accused dosent know their rights. This desicion changed how the criminal justice system handled cases and it forced them to actually tell the ppl their rights instead of keeping them ignorant of of their rights. I believe that this helped to make fair the justice system to those accused of a crime.
Miranda was a career dirtbag and died the way he lived. It is sad that his name is forever tied in with the United States’ highest document of all, the Constitution.
This new case is crap. The guy is a felon, who knows his rights, was several times advised of his rights, signed a waiver form that he supposedly read that stated he could have a lawyer present during questioning, and yet he still claims he did not know. What a load.
“an officer read Kevin Dewayne Powell his rights. Among them: “You have the right to talk to a lawyer before answering any of our questions. You have the right to use any of these rights at any time you want during this interview”"
I don’t think theirs an American that does not know his Miranda rights. We learned them in school we’ve heard them read on way to many tv shows. As for the person that had the xanax I don’t think your telling the whole story.
You learn something new everyday. Thanks for the info. I always assumed the Miranda rights were named after some woman named Miranda, lol.
Mike,
Good post. Either you have great research skills or took a course in this subject. Bravo. Textbook answer!
The problem is that the system no longer plays by this rule, or the rules, for a number of reasons.
In most cases, when you encounter a cop, or cops, you have already been judged by them to be guility of whatever crime they are looking for. This is “pro-active” policing. It costs money to interview suspects, but interrogation is part of the “system.” Even if you are “just” a witness, they actively search for things to use against you, and thus make their time pay off. This applies to ALL police officers. However, the corrupt ones will actively plant evidence against you to give them a reason, if needed.
When you are “arrested,” and I use that term loosely, they WILL badger you until you say something, even if innocently. They will keep you in the interrogation room for however long it takes to get you to say something. They WILL deny you an attorney, and lie to him or her if they call in search of you. They will deny you food and water, and medicine, until they get something on you to use in court. They will threaten you with bodily injury, threaten your family harm, threaten your job, college, or whatever else they think will make you crack.
They will arrest you, if nothing else to scare you into making a mistake. They will do anything to delay and stress you that they can, including denying you a phone call, bail, or making you go somewhere to be processed for trial.
Mind you, all of this is prior to your hearing before a judge. When you get there, the police will lie to him, or her, about any statements you have made, deny any aligations you make about misconduct or violation of rights, and basically do anything they can to get a conviction from the judge, who is stupid enough to trust and believe them and that they are “under Oath” to tell the truth (like you are, but they always presume you will lie anyway).
The “system” is NOT a system, by any means. The judge is out for himself. The cop is out for himself. Your lawyer is only out for himself too. The prosecutor is only out for, you guessed it, himself. Everyone is doing their best to keep on top of the system and win. Guess who loses?
What Miranda v. Arizona did was formalize what a cop should do when they stop and arrest someone. If you can prove they didn’t, then you can get the whole case tossed. Doing that, though, is almost impossible. Everything a cop does is illegal. But, since they are, and are above, the law, it doesn’t matter.
The first problem is that the state gets money for every conviction it gets on a case, no matter how big or little it is. To keep the money rolling in, they all basically agree to lie and keep it going. A cop, lawyer, or judge who is honest, and doesn’t keep the green flowing, gets replaced. A defense that is too good gets threated and made to “sacrifice” a defendant. Putting more cops on the street just means more money is needed, thus adding more lies to get more money and more convicts to fill the prisions and pay fines. The cycle is endless until changes are made, but that will NEVER happen because the victims are racially inferior types, poor, or uneducated, who basically do not matter.
How do I know this? Simple, I spent a few years in college taking Criminal Justice and Corrections classes, with the intent to join the police force when I graduated. I was not a lazy student, like many, but a 4.0 GPA with plenty of experience from many sources. I never cracked a book and kept up with, or beat, many veteran police officers in my classes. From years of military training with weapons, I aced the self defense classes. My internship was easy, as it was basically what I had done before. My trainer/supervisor sat in his crusier while I did his job, with his permission, with no complaints filled. I even rode with the Chief, to gain a special insight into training.
One of those periods of enlightenment was when he informed me that a “cop NEVER writes another cop a ticket, for anything.” I suggested that that was wrong, and was corrected. I was also told that “if I didn’t change, I wouldn’t make it as a cop.”
Shortly after that, I was arrested. The charges were, and are, stupid. They were false, but that doesn’t matter. It was simply to get my degrees washed out, a con cannot be a cop even with a doctors in the field, or even own a firearm in this country. The “cop” lied before the judges, taking single words out to use, not the whole sentence. I was denied an attorney, bail, and all of the other “rights.” Simply because I “knew too much.”
So, yes, I know the “system.” I know it because I have seen both sides of it in action. Those cons who say bad about it are telling the truth on many counts. I have spoken with them, as well as stood by and watched them get arrested. At one time, I would not speak out against the things I saw, only try to change them. Now, I cannot change them, but can speak out against them and work for change. I may not get to see change, but I can at least back up those who are telling the TRUTH and know I’m doing something right, even if this country says it is wrong.
Books have the principle of law in them. How it is applied is another story. The “justice system” isn’t just in any form. If a cop and a citizen do the same crime, only the citizen does time. A judge will not convict another judge, even for DUI. They do protect their own. Many who become cops are former servicemen. They turn their backs on the US when they change uniforms. I have seen Marines lie before a judge, which is unheard of in the Corps. They are “just” men and women, but the Corp has higher standards than this scum spit out. I have seen Army and Navy servicemen do the same thing. Their records in service were spotless, but when they joined the police force, they turned into scum far worse than the criminals they “bust,” and that includes the child molesters that can survive in general population in prison.
Sadly, my family line has a large number of former cops in it. They all say the same thing. Today’s cops are trash. No morals, no respect, nothing. All of these men were vets who served with pride in both the military and police uniforms. What does this say about law enforcement today?
If a badge walks up to you, give them only your name and basic info. Be polite, but say nothing more that what is required by your state law. Do not say anything else. Period. Demand a lawyer, even if you don’t get one. Assume you are under arrest no matter what they say. The courts tend to remain silent on when you are under arrest and when you are not. Assume that anything you say will be used against you and say nothing at all. Of course, even this will mean you are guility in court.
Sorry, but this is what I have seen and learned over the years.
These are CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS. We had them BEFORE Miranda v. Arizona.
Comment posted on December 9th, 2009 at 6:05 am by S
YEA, ‘S’, I think we all know that. If you were to actully read the blog and stop trying to get your stupid point across, you would have gotten that BEFORE Miranda VS. Arizona, it was not nessacary for police to read you your rights. NOBODY ANYWHERE IN THE BLOG said any different. yea, maybe you should try again..?
wow thats actually really interesting i actually learned something today thanks for that
Intresting blog!
Never knew of the history of the Miranda Rights until now.
I too have been the victim of so-called honest policemen who have lied, under oath, in more than one case during a trial.
Concerning the questions about do terrorists deserve protection under Miranda rulings. Probably not. Concerning the question if they should be tried under civilian or military law, be aware that a military trial is held under what is called “The Unified Code of Military Justice”, not civilian law. And the “UCMJ” severely limits or even denies many of our “Constitutional Rights”.
Mike, that would make an interesting blog. A comparison of rights under “Miranda” versus rights under the “UCMJ.
WOW, Tin Soldier, that is an incredible story. And it’s a very sad story as well, both because of the impact it had on your life, and the fact that a police force somewhere is minus one cop who would have been a good servant to the community.
I’ve always thought of cops as individuals, as I do everyone. I knew that there were many who were drunk on their own power, but I believed that most were basically good people, just trying to do their job. I’ve read through most of this thread, but when I got to your story that’s when I realized I’ve been living in La-La Land. I’m still sure that there are some ‘good’ cops (somewhere), but the reality is that if you are part of a corrupt culture then you have to adapt to survive (as you learned the hard way). Which means that ultimately, everyone within that culture is tainted by it, including the judicial system.
I’m a law abiding citizen, but I’ve lived long enough to know that innocent people can find themselves in trouble with the law simply by being in the wrong place at the wrong time. I’ve sometimes wondered what I would do in such a situation. I think your advice to be silent and cooperative is very sound, but it’s frightening to realize that police really have no respect for my rights, and that I could be punished for exercising them.
I just wanted to say thank you for sharing your story, it’s a good cautionary tale for us all. I hope things work out for you…
S…
STHU!!
The Miranda Rights are NOT constitutional rights, you stupid government hater!
If you don’t like the USA, then leave!
Yeah, the US legal system Sucks but it’s considered one of the Best in the world.
Only the USA has laws that protect both the ordinary citizens and criminals with due rights of the law!
Yes, the Miranda Rights is WRONG and should be overturned as too many criminals are getting out of prison and not getting justice served to them!
I was unfortunately arrested when two fraudulent bank tellers ripping me off over the counter turned the tables on me. Let me tell you, I know the Miranda rights are suppose to protect you, but I was a crime victim FIRST and called the cops first.. I told the police what happened to me. They WILL ask you what happened, your refusal to Tell them will make you look unfavorable in the States Attorneys eyes as uncooperative, even though you have a right not to give a statement. I wanted to testify and plead not guilty because i am not. I was correct those tellers did not work at the bank and there was a scam. BUT who ever orchestrated that nonesense got the judge to give me a restraining order so i cant talk to the States attorney and theyre dragging me thru mental health court, although it appears on record my case was dismissed.
there is nothing practical by not cooperating and unless you are wealthy NO LAWYER shows up to let you out at nite. You have to wait til the hearing the next business day, even if you are innocent. I hope you never have to be arrested, but the system does NOT work , like on TV and people should know you are darned if you dont say and darned if you do say.
Where is the justice anyway? I think my misdeamnor is costing the state of il a few thousand dollars and I still have yet to go to court.
It is galling to think that career criminals are Mirandized and yet, if I were ever questioned by an officer, I would want that right too. If we deny the worst, what’s left for the rest of us? Maybe it is time to review how we sentence people for their crimes, and maybe we need to look at length of sentence and other issues Attorneys work the system-sometimes badly. Officers, over all, do a fine job-but every job has its’ bums.
My mom said don’t do anything you don’t want me to know about. Maybe that’s the best advice of all.
The legal right makes sense and is a victory for liberty but why name it after a rapist?
it’s a weird thing to find out how the right was actually named!!!
I graduated with a Batchelor’s degree in criminal law, and I must say it’s good to see people keeping up with with the laws of the judicial system. As for Miranda v Arizona I don’t mean to rain on any ones parade. But with these laws of today if the police have reasonable cause then it’s open season on any pointed headed credent out there. Especially one who has the audacity to get himself arrested.